Intelligence ≠ Autonomy ≠ Capability

In recent years, there has been a tendency to confuse the terms Intelligence, Autonomy, and Capability. In this paper we present the viewpoint that intelligence and capability are independent. These two factors describe an orthogonal design space that places upper bounds on the autonomy of the intelligent system. This design space for intelligent systems is illustrated by describing existing intelligent systems (some artificial, some natural) which demonstrate discrete points in the design space. Further, exemplars from biological systems indicate that there are natural constraints within the design space for intelligent systems, which suggest the need to balance the intelligence and capabilities of the designed systems. This design space is used to construct guidelines for the development of intelligent, capable, and autonomous systems.